Release 1.1.0: fix display rule, shortcut clashes, stale menu and smart activation

- Detect an external display as any online display that isn't built in
  (CGGetOnlineDisplayList + CGDisplayIsBuiltin) instead of counting
  NSScreens, so the rule works in clamshell mode, when mirroring and on
  single-monitor desktops. The Smart Activation footer reports the same
  check.
- Refuse and mark shortcut presets that clash with a macOS system shortcut
  (CopySymbolicHotKeys, checked once, only when the Global Shortcut submenu
  opens), report the real reason a registration failed, and stop claiming
  that other apps' clashes are detected. Show the shortcut hint on the
  toggle only when it is actually registered.
- Make the menu toggle carry the action it displays, refresh the status
  line, toggle and "Add 30 minutes" while the menu is open, and ignore a
  click that lands as the toggle changes meaning, so a click never does the
  opposite of its label.
- Replace the single suppression flag with per-rule overrides: the status
  names what is paused, Turn On becomes Resume Smart Activation, each rule
  re-arms when it stops holding, and a rule that became true during a timed
  session takes over at expiry while rules that held throughout stay paused.
- Update the README to match, bump the version to 1.1.0 and add
  CHANGELOG.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to Wakeful are recorded here. The format follows
+[Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/), and versions follow
+[Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2026-09-23
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **External display rule works where it matters.** It now looks for any
+  connected display that isn't the built-in panel, instead of counting screens,
+  so it fires with the lid closed (clamshell), when mirroring to a projector,
+  and on a desktop Mac's only monitor. Docking and closing the lid no longer
+  switches Wakeful off. The Smart Activation footer shows the same check
+  ("external display" / "no external display") instead of a screen count.
+- **Global shortcut clashes with macOS shortcuts are detected.** Presets that
+  clash with a system shortcut (screenshots, Spotlight, Mission Control, input
+  sources…) are marked "used by a macOS shortcut" and can't be picked, and a
+  failed registration shows its real reason. 1.0.0 promised an "unavailable"
+  warning that could never appear. Clashes with App Shortcuts, Services and
+  other apps can't be detected by any public API; the README now says so.
+- **An open menu no longer goes stale.** The status line, Turn On / Turn Off
+  and "Add 30 minutes" update while the menu is open, and the toggle always
+  does what its label said. Previously, clicking "Turn Off" as a timed session
+  expired started an indefinite session. A click that lands just as the label
+  changes is now ignored.
+- **Smart Activation after a manual override:**
+  - Turning Wakeful off while a rule applies now says what is paused
+    ("Sleep allowed — AC rule paused") instead of "watching conditions".
+  - Each paused rule re-arms as soon as its condition stops holding, so
+    unplugging and replugging re-arms the AC rule even with other rules on.
+  - A rule that becomes true during a timed session (you dock halfway through)
+    takes over when the session ends. A rule that held throughout stays paused,
+    so "Keep Awake For 15 minutes" still really ends on AC.
+  - Turning off and back on no longer converts an automatic session into an
+    indefinite manual one that survives unplugging.
+- The shortcut hint on Turn On / Turn Off (e.g. "(⌃⌥⌘K)") only appears when
+  that shortcut is actually registered.
+
+### Changed
+
+- While Smart Activation is paused, Turn On and the global shortcut become
+  **Resume Smart Activation**, handing control back to the rules. In that state
+  they don't use `defaultDurationMinutes`; use Keep Awake For to start a manual
+  session.
+- Turn Off overrides only the rules that hold at that moment. With the AC and
+  battery rules both on, turning off at your desk and then unplugging lets the
+  battery rule switch Wakeful back on; 1.0.0 stayed off.
+- A deliberate click on the toggle within about half a second of its label
+  changing is ignored and needs repeating.
+- The chosen shortcut preset is checked for system-shortcut clashes when you
+  pick it and at each launch; a clash created later is noticed at the next
+  launch.
+- README: smart activation semantics, the menu design notes and the global
+  shortcut limitations rewritten to match the code.
+
+## [1.0.0]
+
+- Initial release.

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 APP_NAME   := Wakeful
 BUNDLE_ID  := com.github.wakeful.Wakeful
-VERSION    := 1.0.0
+VERSION    := 1.1.0
 
 # Override with: make SIGN_ID="Developer ID Application: Your Name (TEAMID)"
 SIGN_ID    ?= -

README.md

@@ -72,8 +72,13 @@ Two design decisions worth calling out:
 **The menu is rebuilt from scratch in `menuNeedsUpdate(_:)`.** Menu bar apps
 accumulate bugs from trying to keep dozens of checkmarks in sync with model
 state. Throwing the menu away and regenerating it from `Preferences` and
-`WakeController` on each open makes desync structurally impossible, and a menu
+`WakeController` on each open prevents desync between openings, and a menu
-opens rarely enough that the cost is irrelevant.
+opens rarely enough that the cost is irrelevant. State can still change while
+the menu is open (a timed session expires, you plug in), so the few items whose
+meaning depends on it — the status line, the Turn On / Turn Off toggle and
+"Add 30 minutes" — are refreshed live, and the toggle carries the action it
+displays. A click never does the opposite of its label: if the toggle changed
+meaning just as you clicked, the click is ignored.
 
 **`SleepBlocker.apply(_:)` is declarative, not imperative.** You hand it the set
 of assertions you want held and it reconciles the delta. No `if held { release }`
@@ -82,14 +87,27 @@ branching at call sites, and repeated calls are free.
 ### Smart activation semantics
 
 The tricky part of conditional activation is not the conditions, it's not
-fighting the user. Wakeful tracks *why* it is on (`.manual` vs `.automatic`):
+fighting the user. Wakeful tracks *why* it is on (`.manual` vs `.automatic`),
+and which rules you have overridden:
 
 - A rule becoming true turns Wakeful on with source `.automatic`.
-- A rule becoming false turns it off again **only if** source is `.automatic`.
+- When the last rule you haven't overridden stops holding, it turns off again
-  Your manual session is never cancelled by a rule.
+  **only if** source is `.automatic`. Your manual session is never cancelled by
-- Manually turning it **off** while a rule wants it on sets a suppression flag,
+  a rule.
-  so the app doesn't immediately re-enable itself. The flag clears as soon as
+- Manually turning it **off** while a rule wants it on overrides that rule, so
-  the rule stops being satisfied — so unplugging and replugging re-arms it.
+  the app doesn't immediately re-enable itself. The status line names what is
+  paused (e.g. "Sleep allowed — AC rule paused"), and Turn On (and the global
+  shortcut) becomes **Resume Smart Activation**, which hands control back to the
+  rules. Only rules that hold at that moment are overridden; the others stay
+  armed. With the AC and battery rules both on, turning off at your desk and
+  then unplugging lets the battery rule switch Wakeful back on.
+- Each overridden rule re-arms on its own as soon as it stops being satisfied —
+  so unplugging and replugging re-arms the AC rule even while an external
+  display keeps another rule true. Enabling a rule arms it too.
+- Starting a manual session overrides the rules that hold at that moment. When
+  a timed session ends, a rule that held throughout stays overridden — so "Keep
+  Awake For 15 minutes" really ends, even on AC — but a rule that became true
+  during the session (you docked halfway through) takes over.
 
 ### Global shortcut
 
@@ -143,26 +161,35 @@ Preferences and Launch at Login only behave correctly from the assembled bundle.
 Click the cup icon in the menu bar.
 
 - **Turn On / Turn Off** — indefinite session. Same as the global shortcut.
+  While Smart Activation is paused this reads **Resume Smart Activation**.
 - **Keep Awake For** — 15m / 30m / 1h / 2h / 5h timed session, with a live
   countdown in the menu bar. Add 30 minutes to extend one in flight.
 - **Prevent** — pick which assertions to hold. At least one is always held.
 - **Smart Activation** — auto-enable while on AC, while an external display is
   connected, or while on battery above 20/50/80% (the battery rule only applies
-  *off* AC, otherwise a charged laptop would satisfy it forever). The submenu
+  *off* AC, otherwise a charged laptop would satisfy it forever). Any display
-  footer shows current conditions so you can see why a rule fired.
+  that isn't the built-in panel counts, so the rule also covers a closed laptop
-- **Global Shortcut** — off by default; pick a preset to enable it. If the
+  driving a monitor, mirroring to a projector, and a desktop Mac's only monitor.
-  combination is already claimed by another app or a System Settings shortcut,
+  The submenu footer shows current conditions so you can see why a rule fired.
-  the menu says "unavailable" rather than silently doing nothing. Note that no
+- **Global Shortcut** — off by default; pick a preset to enable it. Presets that
-  global shortcut fires while macOS Secure Input is active — i.e. while a
+  clash with one of macOS's own system shortcuts (screenshots, Spotlight,
-  password field has focus.
+  Mission Control, input sources and the like, in System Settings ▸ Keyboard ▸
+  Keyboard Shortcuts) are marked and can't be picked; the preset you've chosen
+  is checked when you pick it and at each launch. App Shortcuts, Services
+  shortcuts and other apps' shortcuts can't be detected: macOS lets several apps
+  register the same combination and delivers it to all of them, so if a preset
+  already does something elsewhere, pick a different one. No global shortcut
+  fires while macOS Secure Input is active — i.e. while a password field has
+  focus.
 - **Launch at Login** — install to `/Applications` *first*; the registration
   records the bundle path, so moving the app afterwards breaks it.
 - **Turn On at Launch** — combine with Launch at Login for always-awake.
 
 ### Hidden preference
 
-The toggle and the global shortcut start an indefinite session by default. To
+The toggle and the global shortcut start an indefinite session by default
-make them start a timed one instead:
+(while Smart Activation is paused they resume it instead). To make them start a
+timed one:
 
 ```sh
 defaults write com.github.wakeful.Wakeful defaultDurationMinutes -int 60

Sources/Wakeful/AppDelegate.swift

@@ -10,8 +10,33 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
     private var statusItem: NSStatusItem!
     private let menu = NSMenu()
 
-    /// Held so the countdown in the status line stays live while the menu is open.
+    /// Held so the items whose meaning depends on live state — the countdown in
+    /// the status line, the toggle, and "Add 30 minutes" — stay current while
+    /// the menu is open.
     private weak var statusLineItem: NSMenuItem?
+    private weak var toggleItem: NSMenuItem?
+    private weak var extendSeparator: NSMenuItem?
+    private weak var extendItem: NSMenuItem?
+
+    /// The Global Shortcut submenu, held so menuNeedsUpdate can tell it from the
+    /// main menu and mark system-shortcut clashes when it opens, instead of
+    /// rebuilding. Its markings aren't refreshed while it stays open.
+    private weak var shortcutMenu: NSMenu?
+
+    /// When the open menu's toggle last changed meaning. AppKit sends a menu
+    /// item's action about a third of a second after the click, once the item
+    /// has flashed and the menu has faded, so a click aimed at the old label
+    /// can arrive carrying the new one.
+    private var toggleChangedAt: TimeInterval = -.infinity
+
+    /// How long after the toggle changes meaning a click on it is ignored,
+    /// measured when the action arrives: ~0.35–0.4 s of dispatch delay, plus
+    /// ~0.4 s for a click that was already on its way when the label changed.
+    private static let toggleSettleTime: TimeInterval = 0.8
+
+    /// The preset that is actually registered, so the menu never advertises a
+    /// shortcut that isn't live.
+    private var activeHotKeyIndex: Int?
 
     /// Durations offered in the "Keep awake for" submenu, in minutes.
     private let durations: [(String, Int)] = [
@@ -80,18 +105,40 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
 
         button.toolTip = "Wakeful — " + controller.statusText
 
-        // Keep an already-open menu's status line ticking too.
+        // Keep an already-open menu honest: the status line ticks, and items
+        // whose meaning depends on state are re-derived, so a click always does
+        // what its label says.
         statusLineItem?.title = controller.statusText
+        if let toggleItem {
+            let before = toggleItem.tag
+            configureToggle(toggleItem)
+            if toggleItem.tag != before {
+                toggleChangedAt = ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime
+            }
+        }
+        // Disabled rather than hidden once the session ends: hiding a
+        // highlighted item leaves a sliver of highlight behind.
+        let timed = controller.remaining != nil
+        if timed {
+            extendSeparator?.isHidden = false
+            extendItem?.isHidden = false
+        }
+        extendItem?.isEnabled = timed
     }
 
     // MARK: - Menu construction
 
     func menuNeedsUpdate(_ menu: NSMenu) {
-        rebuild(menu)
+        if menu === shortcutMenu {
+            markSystemShortcuts(in: menu)
+        } else {
+            rebuild(menu)
+        }
     }
 
     private func rebuild(_ menu: NSMenu) {
         menu.removeAllItems()
+        toggleChangedAt = -.infinity
 
         // Status line
         let status = NSMenuItem(title: controller.statusText, action: nil, keyEquivalent: "")
@@ -108,17 +155,10 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
         menu.addItem(.separator())
 
         // Primary toggle
-        let toggle = item(
+        let toggle = item("", #selector(toggleNow(_:)))
-            controller.isOn ? "Turn Off" : "Turn On",
+        configureToggle(toggle)
-            #selector(toggleNow(_:))
-        )
-        // Only advertise the shortcut if it actually registered.
-        if prefs.hotKeyIndex >= 0, prefs.hotKeyIndex < HotKeyPreset.all.count,
-           hotKey.isRegistered {
-            let preset = HotKeyPreset.all[prefs.hotKeyIndex]
-            toggle.title += "   (\(preset.label))"
-        }
         menu.addItem(toggle)
+        toggleItem = toggle
 
         // Timed sessions
         let durationMenu = NSMenu()
@@ -128,10 +168,19 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
             entry.state = (minutes == prefs.defaultDurationMinutes) ? .on : .off
             durationMenu.addItem(entry)
         }
-        if controller.remaining != nil {
+        // Always present, hidden outside a timed session. While the menu is
-            durationMenu.addItem(.separator())
+        // open, refreshStatusItem reveals it if a session starts and only
-            durationMenu.addItem(item("Add 30 minutes", #selector(extendSession(_:)), tag: 30))
+        // disables it when one ends (see there); the next rebuild hides it.
-        }
+        let timed = controller.remaining != nil
+        let separator = NSMenuItem.separator()
+        separator.isHidden = !timed
+        durationMenu.addItem(separator)
+        let extend = item("Add 30 minutes", #selector(extendSession(_:)), tag: 30)
+        extend.isHidden = !timed
+        extend.isEnabled = timed
+        durationMenu.addItem(extend)
+        extendSeparator = separator
+        extendItem = extend
         menu.addItem(submenu("Keep Awake For", durationMenu))
 
         menu.addItem(.separator())
@@ -180,13 +229,15 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
         smartMenu.addItem(submenu("While battery is…", batteryMenu))
 
         smartMenu.addItem(.separator())
+        // Report exactly what the display rule tests, so the footer can't
+        // disagree with it.
+        let display = power.externalDisplayConnected ? "external display" : "no external display"
         let conditions: String
         if power.hasBattery {
             let charge = power.batteryPercent.map { "\($0)%" } ?? "unknown"
-            conditions = "Now: \(power.isOnAC ? "AC" : "battery"), \(charge), "
+            conditions = "Now: \(power.isOnAC ? "AC" : "battery"), \(charge), \(display)"
-                       + "\(NSScreen.screens.count) display(s)"
         } else {
-            conditions = "Now: AC (no battery), \(NSScreen.screens.count) display(s)"
+            conditions = "Now: AC (no battery), \(display)"
         }
         let conditionsItem = NSMenuItem(title: conditions, action: nil, keyEquivalent: "")
         conditionsItem.isEnabled = false
@@ -199,6 +250,9 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
         // Global shortcut
         let shortcutMenu = NSMenu()
         shortcutMenu.autoenablesItems = false
+        // Clashes with system shortcuts are marked by markSystemShortcuts when
+        // this submenu opens, so ordinary menu opens don't pay for the lookup.
+        shortcutMenu.delegate = self
         let noneItem = item("Off", #selector(setHotKey(_:)), tag: -1)
         noneItem.state = prefs.hotKeyIndex < 0 ? .on : .off
         shortcutMenu.addItem(noneItem)
@@ -206,12 +260,13 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
             let selected = prefs.hotKeyIndex == index
             let entry = item(preset.label, #selector(setHotKey(_:)), tag: index)
             entry.state = selected ? .on : .off
-            if selected, !hotKey.isRegistered {
+            if selected, let reason = hotKey.unavailableReason {
-                entry.title += " — unavailable (already in use)"
+                entry.title += " — unavailable (\(reason))"
             }
             shortcutMenu.addItem(entry)
         }
         menu.addItem(submenu("Global Shortcut", shortcutMenu))
+        self.shortcutMenu = shortcutMenu
 
         // Startup and display options
         let launchState = LaunchAtLogin.state
@@ -255,10 +310,52 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
         return entry
     }
 
+    /// Sets the toggle's title and the action it performs together, so the two
+    /// can never disagree.
+    private func configureToggle(_ toggle: NSMenuItem) {
+        let action = controller.toggleAction
+        var title: String
+        switch action {
+        case .turnOff:         title = "Turn Off"
+        case .turnOn:          title = "Turn On"
+        case .resumeAutomatic: title = "Resume Smart Activation"
+        }
+        if let index = activeHotKeyIndex {
+            title += "   (\(HotKeyPreset.all[index].label))"
+        }
+        toggle.tag = action.rawValue
+        if toggle.title != title {
+            toggle.title = title
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Disables the presets that a macOS system shortcut already uses. The
+    /// selected preset is left alone: it was checked when it was registered, at
+    /// launch or when picked, and that registration reports its own reason.
+    private func markSystemShortcuts(in shortcutMenu: NSMenu) {
+        let taken = HotKey.systemShortcuts()
+        for entry in shortcutMenu.items
+        where entry.tag != prefs.hotKeyIndex && HotKeyPreset.all.indices.contains(entry.tag) {
+            let preset = HotKeyPreset.all[entry.tag]
+            let clashes = HotKey.isSystemShortcut(keyCode: preset.keyCode,
+                                                  modifiers: preset.modifiers, in: taken)
+            entry.title = clashes ? preset.label + " — used by a macOS shortcut" : preset.label
+            entry.isEnabled = !clashes
+        }
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Actions
 
     @objc private func toggleNow(_ sender: NSMenuItem) {
-        controller.toggle()
+        // Do what the item said when it was clicked, not whatever the state
+        // implies now. A click that arrives just after the toggle changed
+        // meaning was aimed at the old label, so it's dropped: in every such
+        // case the old action is already moot (e.g. "Turn Off" as the session
+        // expired), and doing the new one would be the opposite.
+        guard ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime - toggleChangedAt > AppDelegate.toggleSettleTime,
+              let action = WakeController.ToggleAction(rawValue: sender.tag)
+        else { return }
+        controller.perform(action)
     }
 
     @objc private func startSession(_ sender: NSMenuItem) {
@@ -344,12 +441,16 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, NSMenuDelegate {
 
     private func applyHotKeyPreference() {
         hotKey.unregister()
+        activeHotKeyIndex = nil
         let index = prefs.hotKeyIndex
         guard index >= 0, index < HotKeyPreset.all.count else { return }
         let preset = HotKeyPreset.all[index]
         hotKey.register(keyCode: preset.keyCode, modifiers: preset.modifiers) { [weak self] in
             self?.controller.toggle()
         }
+        if hotKey.isRegistered {
+            activeHotKeyIndex = index
+        }
     }
 
     private func presentAlert(title: String, message: String) {

Sources/Wakeful/HotKey.swift

@@ -27,10 +27,17 @@ struct HotKeyPreset {
 /// through an Accessibility / Input Monitoring permission prompt.
 /// `RegisterEventHotKey` needs no entitlement and no permission at all.
 ///
-/// Two limits are inherent to the API: registration fails with
+/// Limits inherent to the API:
-/// `eventHotKeyExistsErr` if another app or a System Settings shortcut already
+///
-/// owns the combination, and no hot key fires while macOS Secure Input is
+///   - Registration is non-exclusive and succeeds even when another app already
-/// active (i.e. while a password field has focus).
+///     uses the combination; both apps then receive the key. Other apps'
+///     shortcuts can't be detected, so only macOS's own system shortcuts are
+///     checked, via `CopySymbolicHotKeys` — which excludes App Shortcuts and
+///     Services key equivalents. `kEventHotKeyExclusive` is not used: it would
+///     silently mute another app's shortcut, and it only detects other
+///     exclusive registrations.
+///   - No hot key fires while macOS Secure Input is active (i.e. while a
+///     password field has focus).
 final class HotKey {
 
     /// Keyed by hot key id. Stores the closure rather than the `HotKey` object so
@@ -47,13 +54,20 @@ final class HotKey {
         HotKey.nextID += 1
     }
 
-    /// False after a failed `register` — e.g. another app already owns the
+    /// The menu reads this so it never advertises a shortcut that isn't live.
-    /// combination (`eventHotKeyExistsErr`). The menu reads this so it never
-    /// advertises a shortcut that will not fire.
     var isRegistered: Bool { hotKeyRef != nil }
 
+    /// Why the last `register` did not take effect, for the menu. nil when
+    /// registered or unregistered.
+    private(set) var unavailableReason: String?
+
     func register(keyCode: UInt32, modifiers: UInt32, action: @escaping () -> Void) {
         unregister()
+        if HotKey.isSystemShortcut(keyCode: keyCode, modifiers: modifiers,
+                                   in: HotKey.systemShortcuts()) {
+            unavailableReason = "used by a macOS shortcut"
+            return
+        }
         HotKey.handlers[identifier] = action
         HotKey.installHandlerIfNeeded()
 
@@ -71,6 +85,7 @@ final class HotKey {
             hotKeyRef = reference
         } else {
             HotKey.handlers[identifier] = nil
+            unavailableReason = "registration failed, error \(status)"
         }
     }
 
@@ -79,6 +94,7 @@ final class HotKey {
             UnregisterEventHotKey(hotKeyRef)
         }
         hotKeyRef = nil
+        unavailableReason = nil
         HotKey.handlers[identifier] = nil
     }
 
@@ -86,6 +102,37 @@ final class HotKey {
         unregister()
     }
 
+    typealias Combination = (keyCode: UInt32, modifiers: UInt32)
+
+    private static let relevantModifiers = UInt32(cmdKey | shiftKey | optionKey | controlKey)
+
+    /// Every enabled macOS system shortcut (screenshots, Spotlight, Mission
+    /// Control, input sources…). `CopySymbolicHotKeys` costs around 10 ms, so
+    /// take one snapshot and test every preset against it.
+    static func systemShortcuts() -> [Combination] {
+        var unmanaged: Unmanaged<CFArray>?
+        guard CopySymbolicHotKeys(&unmanaged) == noErr,
+              let shortcuts = unmanaged?.takeRetainedValue() as? [[String: Any]]
+        else { return [] }
+
+        return shortcuts.compactMap { shortcut in
+            guard (shortcut[kHISymbolicHotKeyEnabled] as? Bool) == true,
+                  let code = shortcut[kHISymbolicHotKeyCode] as? Int,
+                  let mods = shortcut[kHISymbolicHotKeyModifiers] as? Int
+            else { return nil }
+            return (UInt32(truncatingIfNeeded: code),
+                    UInt32(truncatingIfNeeded: mods) & relevantModifiers)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a system shortcut already uses this combination. Registration
+    /// would still succeed, leaving one key press with two meanings.
+    static func isSystemShortcut(keyCode: UInt32, modifiers: UInt32,
+                                 in shortcuts: [Combination]) -> Bool {
+        let wanted = modifiers & relevantModifiers
+        return shortcuts.contains { $0.keyCode == keyCode && $0.modifiers == wanted }
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Carbon plumbing
 
     /// 'WKFL'

Sources/Wakeful/PowerMonitor.swift

@@ -17,8 +17,24 @@ final class PowerMonitor {
     /// Desktops and Mac minis have no battery; treat them as permanently on AC.
     private(set) var hasBattery: Bool = false
 
+    /// True when any display other than the built-in panel is connected.
+    ///
+    /// Deliberately not `NSScreen.screens.count > 1`, which is wrong exactly
+    /// where the rule matters: in clamshell mode the built-in panel leaves
+    /// `NSScreen.screens`, a mirror set is a single NSScreen, and a desktop
+    /// Mac's only monitor is external. The online list has every connected
+    /// display, hardware mirrors included. DisplayLink, Sidecar and AirPlay
+    /// displays are not built in, so they count too.
     var externalDisplayConnected: Bool {
-        NSScreen.screens.count > 1
+        var count: UInt32 = 0
+        guard CGGetOnlineDisplayList(0, nil, &count) == .success, count > 0 else {
+            return NSScreen.screens.count > 1
+        }
+        var displays = [CGDirectDisplayID](repeating: 0, count: Int(count))
+        guard CGGetOnlineDisplayList(count, &displays, &count) == .success else {
+            return NSScreen.screens.count > 1
+        }
+        return displays.prefix(Int(count)).contains { CGDisplayIsBuiltin($0) == 0 }
     }
 
     func start() {

Sources/Wakeful/Preferences.swift

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ final class Preferences {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Duration used by the menu bar toggle and the global shortcut.
+    /// Duration used by the menu bar toggle and the global shortcut when they
+    /// start a manual session (not when they resume paused Smart Activation).
     /// 0 means indefinite. Not exposed in the menu; set it with `defaults write`.
     var defaultDurationMinutes: Int {
         get { store.integer(forKey: Key.defaultDurationMinutes) }

Sources/Wakeful/WakeController.swift

@@ -9,6 +9,30 @@ final class WakeController {
         case automatic
     }
 
+    /// The smart-activation rules, in the order their reasons are reported.
+    enum SmartRule {
+        case onAC
+        case externalDisplay
+        case battery
+
+        var name: String {
+            switch self {
+            case .onAC:            return "AC rule"
+            case .externalDisplay: return "display rule"
+            case .battery:         return "battery rule"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// What the primary toggle (menu item and global shortcut) does right now.
+    /// The menu stores this on the item, so a click does what the label said
+    /// even if the state changed while the menu was open.
+    enum ToggleAction: Int {
+        case turnOff
+        case turnOn
+        case resumeAutomatic
+    }
+
     /// Called on the main thread whenever anything the menu displays changes.
     var onChange: (() -> Void)?
 
@@ -21,11 +45,11 @@ final class WakeController {
     private(set) var expiry: Date?
     private(set) var automaticReason: String?
 
-    /// Set when the user manually turns Wakeful off while a smart rule wanted it
+    /// Rules the user has overridden, by turning Wakeful off or starting a
-    /// on. Without this, unplugging is the only way to make the app stop
+    /// manual session while they held. An overridden rule can't switch Wakeful
-    /// re-enabling itself, which feels broken. Cleared as soon as the rules stop
+    /// on. Each one re-arms as soon as it stops being satisfied, so unplugging
-    /// being satisfied.
+    /// and replugging re-arms the AC rule even while another rule still holds.
-    private var suppressAutomatic = false
+    private var suppressedRules: Set<SmartRule> = []
 
     private var ticker: Timer?
 
@@ -44,8 +68,28 @@ final class WakeController {
 
     var lastError: String? { blocker.lastError }
 
+    /// True while Wakeful is off only because the user overrode a rule that
+    /// still holds. Without saying so, a ticked rule whose condition is met
+    /// would look broken.
+    var isAutomaticPaused: Bool {
+        !isOn && satisfiedRules().contains { suppressedRules.contains($0.rule) }
+    }
+
+    var toggleAction: ToggleAction {
+        if isOn { return .turnOff }
+        return isAutomaticPaused ? .resumeAutomatic : .turnOn
+    }
+
     var statusText: String {
         guard isOn else {
+            if isAutomaticPaused {
+                // Name what is paused: other enabled rules stay armed and can
+                // still switch Wakeful on.
+                let paused = satisfiedRules()
+                    .filter { suppressedRules.contains($0.rule) }
+                    .map { $0.rule.name }
+                return "Sleep allowed — \(paused.joined(separator: " and ")) paused"
+            }
             return prefs.anySmartRuleEnabled ? "Sleep allowed — watching conditions"
                                              : "Sleep allowed"
         }
@@ -60,11 +104,27 @@ final class WakeController {
 
     // MARK: - Intent
 
+    /// Used by the global shortcut, which has no label to honour, so it acts
+    /// on the live state.
     func toggle() {
-        if isOn {
+        perform(toggleAction)
+    }
+
+    /// Each case is a no-op if the state has already moved on, rather than
+    /// doing the opposite of what was asked.
+    func perform(_ action: ToggleAction) {
+        switch action {
+        case .turnOff:
+            guard isOn else { return }
             turnOff(source: .manual)
-        } else {
+        case .turnOn:
+            guard !isOn else { return }
             turnOn(minutes: prefs.defaultDurationMinutes, source: .manual)
+        case .resumeAutomatic:
+            guard !isOn else { return }
+            suppressedRules.removeAll()
+            evaluateAutomatic()
+            onChange?()
         }
     }
 
@@ -84,7 +144,11 @@ final class WakeController {
         self.source = source
         automaticReason = reason
         if source == .manual {
-            suppressAutomatic = false
+            // A manual session overrides whatever rules hold right now.
+            // evaluateAutomatic re-arms each one that stops holding, so when a
+            // timed session ends only rules that held throughout are still
+            // overridden; a rule that became true meanwhile takes over.
+            suppressedRules = satisfiedRuleSet()
         }
         setExpiry(minutes > 0 ? Date().addingTimeInterval(TimeInterval(minutes) * 60) : nil)
         onChange?()
@@ -99,15 +163,13 @@ final class WakeController {
     }
 
     func turnOff(source: Source) {
-        if source == .manual, isOn, automaticRuleSatisfied().satisfied {
+        if source == .manual, isOn {
-            suppressAutomatic = true
+            // Turning off by hand overrides every rule that holds right now, so
+            // the app doesn't immediately switch itself back on.
+            suppressedRules = satisfiedRuleSet()
         }
-        blocker.releaseAll()
-        isOn = false
         self.source = source
-        automaticReason = nil
+        endSession()
-        setExpiry(nil)
-        onChange?()
     }
 
     /// Re-applies the current assertion set. Called after the user changes the
@@ -122,16 +184,29 @@ final class WakeController {
         onChange?()
     }
 
+    private func endSession(notify: Bool = true) {
+        blocker.releaseAll()
+        isOn = false
+        automaticReason = nil
+        setExpiry(nil)
+        if notify {
+            onChange?()
+        }
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Smart activation
 
-    func automaticRuleSatisfied() -> (satisfied: Bool, reason: String?) {
+    /// Enabled rules whose condition holds right now, each with the reason the
-        guard let power, prefs.anySmartRuleEnabled else { return (false, nil) }
+    /// status line shows.
+    func satisfiedRules() -> [(rule: SmartRule, reason: String)] {
+        guard let power, prefs.anySmartRuleEnabled else { return [] }
 
+        var rules: [(rule: SmartRule, reason: String)] = []
         if prefs.smartOnAC, power.isOnAC {
-            return (true, "plugged in")
+            rules.append((.onAC, "plugged in"))
         }
         if prefs.smartOnExternalDisplay, power.externalDisplayConnected {
-            return (true, "external display connected")
+            rules.append((.externalDisplay, "external display connected"))
         }
         // Gated on !isOnAC deliberately: the point of this rule is "stay awake
         // while there's charge to spare". Without the gate, a plugged-in laptop
@@ -139,36 +214,42 @@ final class WakeController {
         let threshold = prefs.smartBatteryThreshold
         if threshold > 0, !power.isOnAC,
            let percent = power.batteryPercent, percent >= threshold {
-            return (true, "battery at \(percent)%")
+            rules.append((.battery, "battery at \(percent)%"))
         }
-        return (false, nil)
+        return rules
+    }
+
+    private func satisfiedRuleSet() -> Set<SmartRule> {
+        Set(satisfiedRules().map { $0.rule })
     }
 
     /// Called on launch and on every power / display change.
     func evaluateAutomatic() {
-        let rule = automaticRuleSatisfied()
+        let satisfied = satisfiedRules()
+        let suppressedBefore = suppressedRules
 
-        if !rule.satisfied {
+        // Re-arm every overridden rule that no longer holds.
-            suppressAutomatic = false
+        suppressedRules.formIntersection(satisfied.map { $0.rule })
-        }
+        let active = satisfied.first { !suppressedRules.contains($0.rule) }
 
-        if rule.satisfied, !isOn, !suppressAutomatic {
+        if let active, !isOn {
-            turnOn(minutes: 0, source: .automatic, reason: rule.reason)
+            turnOn(minutes: 0, source: .automatic, reason: active.reason)
-        } else if !rule.satisfied, isOn, source == .automatic {
+        } else if active == nil, isOn, source == .automatic {
             turnOff(source: .automatic)
-        } else if rule.satisfied, isOn, source == .automatic,
+        } else if let active, isOn, source == .automatic,
-                  automaticReason != rule.reason {
+                  automaticReason != active.reason {
-            automaticReason = rule.reason
+            automaticReason = active.reason
+            onChange?()
+        } else if suppressedRules != suppressedBefore {
+            // A rule re-armed without switching anything on or off, which still
+            // changes the paused status and what the toggle does.
             onChange?()
         }
     }
 
-    /// Called when the smart rules themselves are edited.
+    /// Called when the smart rules themselves are edited. Disabling a rule also
+    /// re-arms it, since a disabled rule never holds.
     func smartRulesChanged() {
-        if !prefs.anySmartRuleEnabled, isOn, source == .automatic {
-            turnOff(source: .automatic)
-            return
-        }
         evaluateAutomatic()
         onChange?()
     }
@@ -191,11 +272,18 @@ final class WakeController {
     private func tick() {
         guard let expiry else { return }
         if Date() >= expiry {
-            // Pass the *current* source through: an expiring manual session must
+            // End without turnOff(source: .manual), which would override every
-            // arm suppressAutomatic, or a satisfied smart rule would flip it
+            // rule that holds now. suppressedRules already holds exactly the
-            // straight back on and "Keep Awake For 15 minutes" would never end.
+            // rules that were true when the session started and stayed true:
-            turnOff(source: source)
+            // those remain overridden, so "Keep Awake For 15 minutes" really
+            // ends on AC, while a rule that became true during the session
+            // takes over here. Nothing is notified until the transition is
+            // complete (evaluateAutomatic may notify too), so when a rule takes
+            // over the menu never sees the momentary "off" and the toggle
+            // doesn't appear to change meaning.
+            endSession(notify: false)
             evaluateAutomatic()
+            onChange?()
         } else {
             onChange?()
         }